I Am Sam Reaction Paper

ENGLISH 2 Chu, Jensy P. February 28, 2013 TTHS 1-2pm Prof. Bernardo I AM SAM -Reaction Paper I. SUMMARY The movie revolves around a mentally challenged man named Sam Dawson. He has a 7 year old daughter, Lucy who in under unfortunate circumstances was taken away from him. Now he asks help from a well-known lawyer, Rita and fights for custody over Lucy. With the help of his friends and loved ones, they do their best to get Lucy back. On the way, rough challenges comes their way but strengthens their bond and love for each other. II. PERSONAL REACTIONThe movie is a very touching, spectacular and award winning motion picture I’ve seen in my whole life. For it touched my heart and made me realize facts about life. This movie has such sad and funny parts and the acting is absolutely fabulous. All in all, This movie tells an amazing story and is never boring. I really loved the movie. The actors portrayed their roles perfectly. Sean Penn did a wonderful job in portraying a mentally challenged man. Like when he was about to give up when he saw Lucy with her new family, there was a moment that the camera focused on his eyes. You can really see the warmth he injects into his acting.Now Lucy played by Dakota Fanning for me exhibits a depth of soul which made her acting a stellar work. At such a young age, to be able to act like that is very impressive. And Rita played by Michelle Pfeiffer, her acting is skillfully acted out. She can show different emotions perfectly. From the cool composed lawyer to a troubled wife and mother. And the supporting actors did a brilliant performance too. I also love the soundtrack associated with the movie. The music is such delight. Every song is a rousing piece made up of either cheerful fluffiness or emotional embodiment in which it suites the scene quite nicely.Examples are the song Blackbird and I’m looking through you, this two songs I really like. I really loved the movie but I was a bit dismayed with the ending. The en d, in particular was unrealistic yet satisfying in a certain way. It didn’t really say what happened. It just showed what happened not how it happened. Other than that I’d give the movie a two- thumbs up. Indeed the movie is a piece of artwork. To those who want to be moved and get teary eyed, to those who wants to laugh at life. I recommend everyone see it. If you don't, you're missing out.

Marketing Review Essay

You track sales and profits, and discover that pants are selling better than shirts, apparently because the shirts are too expensive. You will look for a lower-cost supplier for shirts, or consider dropping your prices if you can afford to do so. 2. You realize that your experience as skaters is a plus; however, your lack of experience in selling clothing could hurt you. You find out that a skateboard shop in town wants to branch out into inline skating; however, you also find out that Nike is thinking about expanding its product line to include special inline skating clothes. 3. You decide that you will target college students who enjoy inline skating, and will aim to establish yourself as a company that offers trendy clothes for the student budget. 4. You decide that your business focus will be to offer fashionable yet durable clothing for inline skaters, with built-in protection for knees and elbows. 5. You offer clothing that college students would want to wear, price it for a student budget, sell it online and in sports stores near college campuses, and promote your products on Facebook. 8. As the text explains, Nike, the prominent athletic shoe manufacturer, relies heavily on athlete sponsorships to build demand for its products. Spectators at major sporting events–both those attending in person and those watching at home–frequently see the Nike â€Å"swoosh† logo worn by elite athletes. Given the vast worldwide audience for Olympics broadcasts, an Olympic year gives Nike increased exposure. On a Nike situation analysis in an Olympic year, would you consider this exposure to be a strength or an opportunity? Explain your reasoning; be specific. Nike, the prominent athletic shoe manufacturer, acquired Cole-Haan, a manufacturer of dress and casual street shoes, in 1988. Depending on your interpretation of the products and markets involved, you might be able to argue that this acquisition represented any of the four major growth strategies. For EACH of the four growth strategies, offer a justification that the Cole-Haan acquisition represented that particular strategy. Don’t just define what the growth strategy means; apply the definition to this specific example. Once you have offered a justification for each of the four growth strategies, choose the one you think the Cole-Haan acquisition best represents, and explain why. Subway is a large chain of franchise sandwich shops. Marcia owns three Subway stores in a large city. At the end of the year, she notes that sales rose from two to five percent over last year’s sales at Stores 1 and 2, but fell two percent at Store 3. Marcia decides to give large bonuses to the managers of Stores 1 and 2, and to put Store 3’s manager on probation. Critique Marcia’s evaluation of her stores’ performance. What would you have done differently? Be specific. Question marks: low market share/high growth rate. Candidates for strategic marketing planning, assessing potential for growth. 2. Dogs: low market share/low growth rate. Candidates to be phased out unless they are needed to complement or boost sales of other products. 3. Cash cows: high market share/low growth rate. Sources of funding for other parts of the firm. They typically require modest promotional and production support. 4. Stars: high market share/high growth rate. Usually require continued promotion efforts and expansion of production capacity. 136. The two bases of classification are relative market share (high-low) and market growth rate (high-low). This leads to four quadrants labeled stars, cash cows, dogs, and question marks. 137. Your sales manager wants you to stop selling those products that are in slow growth markets and which the company has a small relative market share. The manager also wants you to spend more time and effort selling products that are in high growth markets and which the company has a high market share. Finally, you should continue to sell but not put additional effort into high relative market share, low market growth products, referred to as cash cows. If Ryan pursues a market development strategy, he will attempt to serve new market segments. Since his product is a restaurant, market development would likely include opening additional locations in other areas, offering the same menu. 138. If Ryan pursues a market penetration strategy, he will likely expand advertising and promotion, maybe adding billboards, promoting specials, adding hours and likely expanding the restaurant to serve more customers. If they pursue a diversification strategy, they would market new products or services to a market segment they are not currently serving. Targeting landscape design or maintenance services for commercial customers would be one type of diversification. 139. If they pursue a product development strategy, they will offer new products or services to the firm’s current target market. A nursery could logically provide a landscape design consulting service, landscape maintenance service, soil and pest testing service or add additional products such as indigenous plants. 140. Many elements might be included, but it is important for students to demonstrate they understand the importance of allocating resources, leveraging competencies, capitalizing on strengths and minimizing weaknesses, coordinating efforts and decisions, and facilitating smooth operations for the firm. 141. Firms operate in a complex environment, and it is easy to overlook critical issues in the overwhelming possibilities. A structured approach will minimize the possibility that important items will be overlooked. It is also a way to ensure the transparency for the rest of the organization who depend on marketing for leadership. 142. Operational excellence, because it focuses on efficiency in its supply chain. 143. Creating and developing customer value. 144. Summer–planning; Fall–implementation; Spring–control. 145. SWOT analyses help a firm evaluate the current situation, both the internal environment and external environment. 146. Opportunities that build on a firm’s strengths relative to those of their competitors. 147. Market penetration, because the companies are trying to sell additional products (marked down) to current customers. 148. Product development, because the CD is a new product (just recorded) and it’s being sold to current customers. Some students might say that it is a market development strategy. For this to be correct, they would have to argue that a different market segment that currently doesn’t drink orange juice is being targeted. 149. The best answer is that this is a market penetration strategy. The slogan seeks to increase sales of a current product (orange juice), which reduces the options to market penetration or market development. â€Å"It isn’t just for breakfast anymore† sounds like the Growers Association wants those who drink orange juice at breakfast time to consider it at other times of the day too. In other words, it focuses on increasing usage among current customers, which is market penetration. 1. Locational excellence: In addition to having a top-notch website, try to get your products into as many retail stores as possible, probably focusing on sporting goods stores. 2. Operational excellence: Develop close relationships with suppliers of fabric and other raw materials and with retailers. 3. Customer excellence: Offer outstanding service, perhaps including live chat on the website as well as no-hassle returns if the customer changes his or her mind about a purchase. 4. Product excellence: Focus on continually improving the products and making them the most advanced ones on the market, perhaps using stylish yet durable fabrics that won’t be damaged in a fall. Then work to develop a clear positioning statement for your brand. 150. There are many correct answers; here is a sample. To make this question easier, you could ask the student to provide an idea for just one or two of the macro strategies. 1. Threats-could include the recession, a glut of graduates in the field, or reduced demand for professionals in the field 2. Opportunities-could include expected growth in the field, a new firm starting up in the area that will be hiring, or a shortage of graduates in the field 3. Weaknesses-possibilities include lack of experience, inability to relocate, or a low GPA 4. Strengths-students might mention internship experience, past work experience, classes taken, personal characteristics, or personal contacts Students will come up with a variety of answers depending on their individual situations. They will probably need to do some speculation for Opportunities and Threats. Here is a sample: 151. In order to make sure the students clearly classify the factors, you might want to provide an answer space with four sections; in each one, include a blank line for the name of the section and additional space for the factor. If you want to make this question more difficult, you can add to the question the following: â€Å"What should Microsoft have done before deciding to discontinue the product?† The answer: Microsoft should have determined the causes for the disappointing sales in order to determine whether or not another action (perhaps a different target market, a price adjustment, or a revised promotion plan) could put sales back on track. Some students might also answer â€Å"Control phase.† Strictly speaking, this is a phase and not a step; however, Step 5 is the only step of the process that fits into the Control phase, so you may want to accept both as correct answers. 152. Step 5–Evaluate performance using marketing metrics. 153. A. Evaluate results; B. Situation analysis; C. STP; D. Business mission; E. Implementation 154. A reasonable argument can be made for this being a strength or an opportunity, so this is about the rationale offered. This could be viewed as a strength in that Nike’s logo is ubiquitous and well-recognized, and customers in Nike’s target markets will be reminded of the many sports for which Nike offers shoes and apparel. It could also be viewed as an opportunity to strengthen Nike’s position overseas (due to international viewership) and to increase awareness of the breadth of Nike’s products (due to increased viewership of niche sports that ordinarily don’t get much attention). This question helps to point out that classifications are rarely black and white–how things are viewed depend on assumptions. Diversification: If you argue that dress/casual street shoes represent a different type of product from athletic shoes, but that different customers would buy Cole-Haan’s dress shoes from those that buy Nike athletic shoes, then the Cole-Haan acquisition enabled Nike to sell new products to new markets. Product development: If you argue that dress/casual street shoes represent a different type of product from athletic shoes, and if you argue that Nike’s customers would also purchase dress/casual street shoes, then the Cole-Haan acquisition enabled Nike to sell new products to its current customers. Market development: If you argue that shoes represent one type of product regardless of the type of shoe, but that different customers would buy Cole-Haan’s dress shoes from those that buy Nike athletic shoes, then the Cole-Haan acquisition enabled Nike to sell its existing product (shoes) to new markets. 155. Market penetration: If you argue that shoes represent one type of product regardless of the type of shoe, and if you argue that Nike’s customers would also purchase dress and casual street shoes, then the Cole-Haan acquisition enabled Nike to sell more of its existing product (shoes) to its current customers. 156. The major problem with Marcia’s evaluation is that her only point of comparison seems to be last year’s sales figures. She should attempt to obtain information on sales trends at other Subway sandwich shops, and if possible, at competing sandwich shops in her city. For example, perhaps her competitors and/or fellow franchisees saw much larger gains, perhaps due to an improving economy. She should also seek to understand whether or not there might be an explanation for the reduction in sales at the third store. Perhaps it is located in a shopping center that has been losing tenants, which would be beyond the manager’s control and therefore shouldn’t factor into a performance evaluation. ch02 Summary Category # of Questions AACSB: Analytic 158 Blooms: Analyze 5 Blooms: Apply 52 Blooms: Evaluate 9 Blooms: Remember 23 Blooms: Understand 69 Difficulty: 1 Easy 23 Difficulty: 2 Medium 82 Difficulty: 3 Hard 53 Grewal – Chapter 02 158 Learning Objective: 02-01 Define a marketing strategy. 40 Learning Objective: 02-02 Describe the elements of a marketing plan. 17 Learning Objective: 02-03 Analyze a marketing situation using SWOT analysis. 14 Learning Objective: 02- 18 04 Describe how a firm chooses which consumer group(s) to pursue with its marketing efforts. Learning Objective: 02-05 Outline the implementation of the marketing mix as a means to increase customer value. 17 Learning Objective: 02-06 Summarize portfolio analysis and its use to evaluate marketing performance. 27 Learning Objective: 02-07 Describe how firms grow their business. 25 Topic: Evaluating Performance 10 Topic: Growth Strategies 25 Topic: Implementing the Marketing Mix 8 Topic: Marketing Mix 6 Topic: Marketing Plan 6 Topic: Marketing Planning Process 11 Topic: Marketing Strategy 40 Topic: Portfolio Analysis 13 Topic: Step 2: Conduct a Situation Analysis 4 Topic: Step 3: Identifying and Evaluating Opportunities Using STP 1 Topic: Step 4: Implement Marketing Mix and Allocate Resources 2 Topic: Step 5: Evaluate Performance Using Marketing Metrics 4 Topic: STP 17 Topic: SWOT Analysis 10 Topic: What is a Marketing Strategy? 1

The importance of lesson plan and methods in the Foundation Program Essay

The importance of lesson plan and methods in the Foundation Program used in Omani Universities to the study of language skills - Essay Example s primarily on the enhancement of students’ proficiency in English, so students enrolled in the program have a full day schedule with a weekly load of around 30 hours, including study groups.† â€Å"The program is communicative in nature, shifting the emphasis from grammar to meaningful oral and written communication.  The instructional materials adopted for the program have performance-based objectives as well as clear scope and sequence for teaching communicative skills. The program approaches language as a tool of communication and stresses reading and writing as the two main language skills instrumental for students success in university-level education through the medium of English.   The teaching methodology treats language skills in an integrated fashion and incorporates study skills into the program.   The teaching methodology is communicative in nature, presenting authentic and simulated communicative tasks in real life However most of the students in the foundation programmer are unappreciative with the role of English language. In this stage of a students’ academic life, it is very important for the teacher to find effective ways to help these students progress to the next level. Teachers must know their students and their needs very well. They have to decide on which communication skills they would develop : reading, writing, speaking, listening, or phonology. As with any instructional method, everything starts with lesson planning. A well-developed lesson plan is the foundation to a good execution of a lesson. According to research, planning sets the stage in teaching and school learning making it the most critical part of instruction teaching and school learning (Clark & Dunn, 1991). The lesson plan must align with the goals of the program as well as the curriculum so that it would fit the context of the learner. In short, the lesson plan must translate into instruction the goals of the Foundation Program. Since the program aims to focus

E-commerce Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-commerce - Research Paper Example However, the key challenge has been the fraud and general security issues this affects both the buyer and the seller. Businesses run the risk of phishing attacks before they can transact any business. This is costly for them as a business, but it is inevitable to avoid further losses in future. The customer is the most vulnerable to fraud and security risks the common security issue is hacking of their credit card. My paper seeks to explore deeper into these problems (fraud and security), effects on e-commerce, and ways of improving the security of the business to both customers and the sellers. The recommendations to be made can be used by authorities to make changes in the trade for its success in the future. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction Since the introduction of e-commerce fraud and security issues are a serious blow in the business, of all other issues that people around the globe have had to put up with, fraud and security issues have dominated. Discussions have previou sly been held to try and bring a lasting solution but with little success. Of all cyber crimes in the world, fraud accounts for 3% which is a substantial margin compared to other small offences committed through internet. Garner Group on the other hand estimated that around 1.06% of the total online transactions are fraudulent as compared to the 0.6% (Reynolds 2004). Both statistics above translate to a lot of money loss, which affects clients and sellers of goods or services. Effects and impact of security and fraud in e- commerce are worrying, by year 2003, it was estimated that 1.8 billion dollars would be lost (Debjan 2005). Once one is a victim of security and fraud in e- commerce, majority fear and their perceptions changed. Many fear that they may lose their money again... Since the introduction of e-commerce fraud and security issues are a serious blow to the business, of all other issues that people around the globe have had to put up with, fraud and security issues have dominated. Discussions have previously been held to try and bring a lasting solution but with little success. Of all cyber crimes in the world, fraud accounts for 3% which is a substantial margin compared to other small offenses committed through the internet. Garner Group, on the other hand, estimated that around 1.06% of the total online transactions are fraudulent as compared to the 0.6% (Reynolds 2004). Both statistics above translate to a lot of money loss, which affects clients and sellers of goods or services. Effects and impact of security and fraud in e- commerce are worrying, by the year 2003, it was estimated that 1.8 billion dollars would be lost (Debjan 2005). Once one is a victim of security and fraud in e- commerce, majority fear, and their perceptions changed. Many fe ar that they may lose their money again especially if they lost a lot of money previously.Literature review below has the research and view of people who have done research e-commerce in the past. The literature has a lot of information and data regarding the proposal.E-commerce touches many people’s lives around the globe, a million e-businesses, are registered and operation on the internet, interacting with a billion people both buyers and potential buyers, through trillion interconnected intelligent devices.

Taylors Law and the Right to Strike by Public Employees Essay

Taylors Law and the Right to Strike by Public Employees - Essay Example Following the need to include transit public workers who were caught up in the strikes in 1966, George W. Taylor designed a law that was named after him. The chairman was a labor researcher who was not in great support of the public worker strikes. It is believed that other panel members did not want their name in the law as they considered the unions for public employees to be very articulate in opposing the new law2. His law gives the involved Public Employment and Relations Board that is selected by a governor the authority to solve contract disputes between the government and its workers. The Taylors law is also referred to as the fair employment act for The Public Employees and  is defined as article 14 of the New York civil service law. The Taylors law gives a framework for the public employee unions basic rights and limitations3. The Taylors law does not give the public employees and their unions a voice during strikes pertaining to injustices in their working environments. The law, for example, has been quoted as being extremely unjust to municipal workers in New York. The workers claim that the law does not give the government an incentive to rectify contracts problems on a timely basis. Through binding arbitration and mediation, it ensures that public employees are punished heavily for strikes. The Taylors law fails to protect them from work stoppages an illegal act that is punishable by jail time and fines4. Although the public employees feel abandoned by the Taylors Law during strikes on contract issues, the law made better amendments to the Condon-Wadlin Act that called for the firing of the employees upon participation in strikes5. The Taylors law gives employees  in the public sector the right and freedom to organize a governing union and freely appoint their union leaders6. As defined by the law, it gives public employees permission to engage and negotiate terms of agreements with the

What impact has sustainable design had on the cosmetics industry in Essay

What impact has sustainable design had on the cosmetics industry in the UK - Essay Example The sheer amount of cosmetics spent during the year clearly indicates how the future design would impact this industry. The major purpose of this study is to analyse and understand how the sustainable design may have an impact on the cosmetic industry in UK. The intended objectives of this research is to understand and analyze the impact of design on the cosmetic industry in UK therefore from its basic orientation, this research study will be qualitative in nature. A qualitative research study is conducted when the research objectives include the understanding of the meanings, understanding the ideas, values and belief systems which are understood mostly through subjective study of different variable. The subject of sustainable design is relatively new in the cosmetics industry therefore it may be difficult to obtain latest information on the subject. Since, this research will be qualitative in nature therefore data will be gathered by surfing through the available literature on the subject. This would include studying the relevant available texts as well as case studies on the subjects including peer reviewed journals, surfing the websites of L’Oreal, Body Shop and The design Council etc. This study will also be base don the cross-sectional data from international firms in order to draw different parallels to UK’s cosmetic industry which will then be applied to the cosmetics industry of UK. Apart from this, the researcher also intends to conduct an interview with the marketing manager of the Body Shop. This interview will be based on development of a small open ended questionnaire which will be filled by the marketing manger. Apart from this interview and study and analyses of the available research on the topic, there will be no other methods of qualitative research will be applied. This research study will basically attempt to identify different parameters which can collectively produce and impact on the cosmetic industry in UK.

Discuss the film A SEPARATION Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discuss the film A SEPARATION - Assignment Example One of the ethical dilemmas illustrated on the film is about minor understandings and confusion that lead to separation of a husband known as Nader and his wife Simin. The main reason for the couple’s misunderstanding is the decision of Simin to leave Iran. The film writer depicts that the couple has been married for fourteen years but the living condition in Iran leads Simin to make a decision of leaving. Her main objective is to go in a place where she can manage to offer a better education and life for their eleven years daughter. However, Nader does not support her wife’s decision because he wants to stay in Iran and cater for his eighty years old ailing father. Another issue related to ethical dilemma that the film writer illustrates is dispute dissolution. The couple is unable to solve their disputes and disagreement involved in their marriage. This leads to Simin in filing for a divorce. The family court judges rules that the couple’s disagreement does not weigh enough to consider divorce as the final option. However, Simin had already made her decision and finally moves out. Another ethical dilemma relates to the issue of poverty in the society. The film writer depicts that Razieh moves to work for Nader even without her husband’s permission, as recommended in the society. The film also illustrates various circumstances of emotional upheavals. One of these instances is during the separation of Nader and Simin. The later is mainly concerned of their child’s future life and this creates a difficult moment in her thoughts to the point of making a firm decision of leaving. Nader also depicts to have emotional upheavals in the fact that he has to balance his ailing father’s life to the well-being of his family. Eventually, he makes a decision of staying back with his father rather than moving. The film writer also demonstrates Nader’s daughter, Termer experiencing emotional upheavals because of her parent’s divorce. She loses the

Supporting Organizational Strategies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Supporting Organizational Strategies - Essay Example According to a survey conducted by New Zealand’s Business NZ and the Industry Training Federation in 2003 (Jeremy et al, 2003), 55% responding firms indicated that the need to continue to provide training, or begin providing training, within the enterprise depends on shortage of skilled workers and if suitable courses to meet such training needs were available. Other important drivers for training were identified as customer requirements (49%), a desire to growth within the enterprise (48%), skill shortages in the industry (where these exist) (48%), and actual growth in the enterprise (47%). All in all, it was realized that firms involved in training and skill development gained much from the training. When firms take on extensive training and skill development, there is that tendency that quality of output will improve. Employees who have gone through such training learn new ways of production and ameliorate their ideas of the whole production process. Looking at theories of motivation, employee motivation leads to survival and positive productivity within the firm (Smith, 1994). It is absolutely important for managers to understand what makes employees motivated, because employee motivating factors are complex and change everyday (Bowen and Radhakrishna, 1991). Therefore, just that aspect of recognition within the industry to undergo training and skill development to some employees is a motivating factor (Vroom, 1964). When employees are motivated, there is increase in productivity and consequently growth in the business. Therefore through skill development and training programs, there is obviously employee motivation and increase knowledge in knew production skills and consequently, business growth. When employees gain new skills, there is considerable positive effect on health and safety of the enterprises. This is because, when new skills are gained, the company stands a better competitive place on the market with her competitors

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Project Management - Essay Example ct 11 Task 3 Project [processes and procedures 12 3a) Critical elements of any successful project plan 13 3b) Reasons for the use of the critical path analysis and Gantt chart in the project 13 3c) Evaluate the use of the change control procedures throughout the project 13 3d) Description of the methods for measuring performance 14 Task 4 Conclusion 14 5 Bibliography 16 Figure 1 MNCI work breakdown structure 6 Figure 2 Organization breakdown structure for NMCI 9 Introduction According to Hellriegel (2001), a project can be described as a series of linked activities that are carried by an organisation and they are aimed at achieving a specific objective. Usually, these events are short term based and in most cases, all projects have similar characteristics. They involve a certain time frame of which they are expected to be completed and they are also characterised by some form of risk. In order for any project to achieve its desired objectives, it can be noted that thorough project ma nagement is a virtue especially in the implementation of various activities that characterise a particular project. As such, this report seeks to critically analyse a case study based project about the measures taken in execution of the project by Electronic Data Systems (EDS) with regards to implementation of the Navy Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI). This project was about implementing a new computer system to be used by the Navy Marine in the United States of America. The report is divided into three categories and these deal with different aspects involved in the execution of the project. Task one is mainly concerned with project management principles while task two deals with project organisation and people and task three is concerned with project processes and procedures. A critical... This research aims to evaluate and present project as a series of linked activities that are carried by an organisation and they are aimed at achieving a specific objective. Usually, these events are short term based and in most cases, all projects have similar characteristics. They involve a certain time frame of which they are expected to be completed and they are also characterised by some form of risk. In order for any project to achieve its desired objectives, it can be noted that thorough project management is a virtue especially in the implementation of various activities that characterise a particular project. As such, this report seeks to critically analyse a case study based project about the measures taken in execution of the project by Electronic Data Systems (EDS) with regards to implementation of the Navy Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI). This project was about implementing a new computer system to be used by the Navy Marine in the United States of America. The report is di vided into three categories and these deal with different aspects involved in the execution of the project. Task one is mainly concerned with project management principles while task two deals with project organisation and people and task three is concerned with project processes and procedures. A critical analysis about project management with regards to aspects related to NMCI’s overall performance will be carried out in order to establish if the project was a success or not.

Nursing in the Community Essay Example for Free

Nursing in the Community Essay In this assignment the topics discussed is a nursing problem related to a medical diagnosis taking from an example of a patient dealt with while the nursing student was out on clinical placement. For this assignment the patient has a diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Kevin Brophy (pseudonym) is a 9 year old boy that had come into the Paediatric Unit. He is of the Roman Catholic religion. He lives with only his mother and she is educated about his disease of Diabetes. His mother’s sister is a nurse also and knew how to manage his Diabetes and looked after him if his mother was busy. The multidisciplinary team have been treating him for the condition for 4 years. He gets hospitalized often to regulate his blood sugar levels and monitor his insulin intake. The nursing problem associated with his diagnosis is related to his diet and nutritional status and being able to monitor these with caution and ease. The nurse had a form for filling out what had he eaten that day and what time this had happened at in the ‘end of bed’ chart which was with his other documentation such as his vital signs and also the fluid balance intake and output chat. There was also a section in this form for documenting what level his blood sugars were and was directed to take record of them after every meal. The nurse then had an idea  of what sort of food he was eating and also a report of his blood sugars which were monitored closely throughout the day. The nurses primary responsibility was to ensure this boy was eating correctly and following the dietary guidelines of a Diabetic patient. The model of assessment/care used to treat Kevin was devised from Roper, Logan and Tierney (1980). The Roper, Logan and Tierney’s’ activity of living (AL) model of nursing consists of twelve activities of living. According to Aggleton Chalmers (2000 P46), â€Å"Each AL specifies a relatively distinct type of human behaviour related to meeting a particular need.† Information was obtained from a booklet containing facts and advice on Diabetes and Healthy Eating from the Department of Health and Dietetics in Waterford Regional Hospital. This has described diabetes as a condition where the body is unable to control the amount of glucose i.e. sugar in the blood. Everyone’s blood has some glucose in it because your body needs glucose for energy. Normally your body breaks food down into glucose and sends it to the bloodstream. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, helps to get the glucose from the bloodstream into the cells to be used for energy. In people with Type 2 Diabetes, the pancreas is not making enough insulin or is unable to use the insulin properly, or both. In people with Type 1 Diabetes, the pancreas is unable to make insulin full stop. Without insulin in the body, the blood glucose rises (Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Waterford Regional Hospital 2006). To manage diabetes in paediatrics is primarily challenging and m uch more complicated than dealing with the diagnosis in adults with Diabetes (DH Diabetes Policy Team 2007, Christie et al 2009). Nurses have to educate and facilitate the self management of Diabetes and also introduce skills to gain the best possible control over the patient’s blood sugars i.e. glycaemic control. If these skills are not executed properly then diseases such as micro-vascular e.g. nephropathy or retinopathy or cardiovascular diseases (macro-vascular), which decreases the quality of life and a reduced life span (The Diabetes Control and Complications Study Group,1994). The nurses and patients responsibility is to monitor and control the intake of food and also be educated on what can have a negative or positive effect on the body. This is a major nursing problem associated with the Diabetic patient and  intervention by the nurse is necessary throughout. In doing so, the nurse must follow the Nursing Process in relation to their diet. Assessment Patients diagnosed with type 1 Diabetes are assessed for signs of Diabetic Ketoacidosis, including ketonuria, Kussmaul respirations, orthostatic hypotension, and lethargy. The patient is asked about symptoms of DKA, such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Laboratory results are monitored for metabolic acidosis (i.e. decreased pH and decreased bicarbonate level) and for electrolyte imbalance. If the patient exhibits signs and symptoms of DKA, the nursing care first focuses on treatment of these acute complications, as outlined earlier. Once these complications are resolving, nursing care then focuses on long-term management of diabetes. The patients emotional status is assessed by observing his or her general demeanour (e.g., withdrawn, anxious) and body language (e.g., avoids eye contact). The patient is asked about major concerns and fears about diabetes; this allows the nurse to assess for any misconceptions or misinformation regarding diabetes. The nurse is also assessing th e vital signs of the patient such as temperature, respiration, blood pressure etc. and develops a baseline of these results. In this case the patients normal vital signs were as follows : Temperature- 36.4ââ€" ¦, Blood Pressure- 114/70, Respiration rate- 18 breaths per minute. Nursing Diagnosis Based on the assessment data, the main diagnoses the nurse must adhere to are as following: Risk for fluid volume deficit in relation to polyuria and dehydration, imbalanced nutrition related to imbalance of insulin, food, and physical activity. The main ones that are focussed on in this essay are the imbalance of insulin and the patient’s diet. Planning The major goals for the patient may include maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance, optimal control of blood glucose levels. The nurse would plan suitable charts and regimes for the patient to follow. Intake and  output are measured. IV fluids and electrolytes are administered as prescribed, and oral fluid intake is encouraged when it is permitted. Vital signs are monitored hourly for signs of dehydration (tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension) along with assessment of breath sounds, level of consciousness, presence of oedema, and cardiac status. If the patient agrees with the diet plan and increases his fruit and vegetable intake this can highly optimise nutritional health, promote a healthy image and reduce the chances of obesity (Lock et al., 2005). In Diabetes, diet is a chief obstacle in the control of the condition (Watson et. al 1997). The patient’s goals in agreeing with a healthy diet for their Diabetes are as follows: 1) To regulate and sustain lipid levels an d blood glucose back to their normal state. 2) To avoid fluctuations in their blood glucose levels during the day. 3) To manage and control a desirable body weight. 4) To prevent or hinder the growth or advancement of renal, neurological or cardiovascular difficulties (Watson et. al 1997). The nurse should introduce a dietary plan for the patient with the Diabetes. This controls the amount of calories that are needed for each day and the magnitude of these calories to be assigned to carbohydrate, protein and lipids. This is determined by a person’s age, weight, gender, activity and their dietary intake before they discovered the disease. In general, the amount of targeted calories allocated to each food type is in the region of 50-60% carbohydrate, 10-15% protein and under 30% of fat (Rees and Williams,1995). In the diet, the concentrated sugars should be strictly limited e.g. sweets, jam, cake, and should only represent a minute part of a meal to prevent rapid increase in the blood sugar levels. The unrefined carbohydrates such as whole-meal bread, fruit and vegetables, and also fibre-rich f oods, should be consumed as an alternative to the refined carbohydrates as mentioned before. Implementation Meal planning is put into practice, with the control of glucose as the primary goal. The nurse must consider factors before beginning to intervene such as the patients lifestyle, cultural background, activity level, and their food preferences. A suitable caloric intake allows the patient to achieve and maintain the desired body weight. The nurse would encourage the  patient to eat complete and wholesome meals including snacks that have been prescribed in the diet that the team has devised for Kevin. The nurse needs to take into consideration of the fluid intake and keeps records of IV and other fluid intake, also record urine output measurements. Hypoglycaemia is the most dreaded acute difficulty in the disease of Diabetes, and can be a major factor in the hindering of the metabolic control in the body. Night-time hypoglycaemia states, more common in the paediatric side of Diabetes, places an immense worry for the child themselves but also the parents, as it more likely to go unnot iced and care for (Nordfeldt S, Ludvigsson J 2005). Hypoglycaemia may occur if the patient skips or delays meals, does not follow the prescribed meal plan, or greatly increases the amount of exercise without modifying food intake and insulin. In addition, hospitalized patients or outpatients who fast in preparation for diagnostic testing are at risk for hypoglycaemia. Juice, milk, or glucose tablets are used for treatment of hypoglycaemia. The patient is encouraged to eat full meals and snacks as prescribed in the meal plan. If hypoglycaemia is a recurring problem, the whole dietary plan must be looked over and improved if needed. The risk of hypoglycaemia with rigorous insulin routines, it is of the utmost importance for the nurse to review with the patient the signs and symptoms, possible causes, and measures for prevention and treatment of hypoglycaemia. The nurse should emphasise to the patient and family the importance of having information on diabetes at home for reference. Evaluation After putting this plan into practice, the nurse found that it helped in the treatment and care of Kevin Brophy in managing and controlling his Diabetes. After following the Roper Logan and Tierney model of Nursing it helped understand his Activities of Daily Living and how the patient could work his new dietary plan into these ADL’s and control his blood glucose to prevent hypoglycaemia. Kevin will also be able to be knowledgeable of and carry out duties in a way to control his diabetes mellitus and also maintain adequate fluid volume in the body. He will be able to monitor his blood glucose periodically throughout the day, administer his own insulin, increase his own fluid balance and monitor his urine output. He should demonstrate a participation in activities that include having a proper diet, exercise and  lifestyle (Palandri, M.K. 1993). He also should be wary of and identify community, outpatient resources for obtaining further diabetes education. Conclusion To conclude, Kevin will need continuous assessment and advice on managing and controlling his Diabetes diagnosis. He will need support from his mother and also help from the multidisciplinary team that works with him and his mother in the hospital. In following the Roper Logan and Tierney model he will then be able to manage his ADL’s better and be more understanding with the condition of Diabetes. He will be able to control his dietary intake and follow a routine throughout life to deal with his diagnosis. References Aggleton, P., Chalmers, H. (2000)Nursing Models and Nursing Practice. (2nd edn). London: Macmillan. Lock, K., Pomerleau, J., Causer, L., Altmann, D.R. McKee, M. (2005) The global burden of disease attributable to low consumption of fruit and vegetables. Bull. World. Health. Organ. 83, 100–8. Nordfeldt S, Ludvigsson J. Fear and other disturbances of severe Hypoglycaemia in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 2005; 18: 83–91. Palandri, M.K. and Sorrentino, C.R. (1993). Black and Matassarin – Jacobs, Pocket Companion for Luckmann and Sorensen’s Medical Surgical Nursing: A Psychophysiologic Approach. 4th Edition. W.B. Saunders. The Diabetes Control and complications Study Group (1994) Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. J. Pediatr. 125, 177–188. Waterford Regional Hospital (2006) Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Watson et. al (1997) Clinical Nursing and Related Sciences 5th edn. Bailliere Tindall, 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX. Patricia Power Sorcha Dineen Miriam Cass 20053881 Patricia Chesser Smyth Nursing in the Community Module Leaders

Quality Management at McDonalds

Quality Management at McDonalds QUALITY MANGEMENT OF McDonald’s –  A CASE STUDY Quality management is the management of activities and functions which are involved in determination of quality policy and its implementation. It ensures that the relevant organization, product or service is consistent. The four main components of quality management are quality planning, quality control, quality assurance and quality improvement. The aim of quality management is not only to focus on product and service quality, but also pay attention to the different ways to achieve it. The main principals of quality management as defined by International Standard for Quality Management (ISO 9001:2008) and other organizations are following: Customer focus Leadership Process approach Involvement of people Benchmarking Continuous improvement System approach to management Factual approach to decision making Mutually beneficial supplier relationship In this work, a detailed analysis of quality management of McDonald’s is presented. The report include the history, strategy, quality control and the supplies , logistics and inventory management of the stated company. McDonald’s HISTORY McDonald’s Corporation was established in 1940s (McDonald’s, 2014). It was the only fast food industry in the whole world who has started a chain system in global market. The main menu of McDonald’s includes some of the global world renowned foods like Big Quarter Pounder, French Fries and Chicken Nuggets. In breakfast they serve Sausage McMuffin with egg. Today it is one of the famous and leading food service retailer. IT has more than 35,000 local food chains (restaurants) in more than 100 different countries (McDonald’s, 2014). The total employees of McDonald’s are approximately 1.9 million and it serves more than 70 million customers every day around the world (McDonald’s, 2014) (Steve, Dudley, Hazen, 2012). A pictorial description of quick facts of McDonald’s is shown in Fig. 1. The corporation has distributed sale approach and more than 80% of its restaurants are ran by independent and local distributors. The restaurant was start ed by only two brothers Dick and McDonald’s in 1940, they were beginners but now McDonald’sCorporations is one the main stakeholder of fast food industry of today world. The beauty of this chain is that they did not only sale their main products but they also change the product type and its ingredients according to the local country or region requirement. Also every year they introduce new products and schemes to attract their customers. Their recent menu includes a wide range of Burgers Sandwiches, Chicken Fish, various Breakfast options, Salads, Snacks Sides, Beverages, and Desserts Shakes (McDonald’s, 2014). For competing and to be a main stakeholder of today competitive international market, McDonald’s is using an operational management system (William, 2008). Figure 1 Quick overview of McDonald’sCorporation COMPANY STRATEGY The brand mission of McDonald’sis â€Å"To be our customer’s favorite place and way to eat and drink† (McDonald’s, 2014). The global world operations of McDonald’sare aligned around the worldwide strategy called â€Å"The Plan to Win†. This strategy is centered on the best exceptional experience for the customers. The organization follows the motive of â€Å"People, Products, Place, Price and Promotion† (McDonald’s, 2014). McDonald’s wants to become the world’s best quick service fast food chain which provides high quality food to its each and every customer every time, in a clean environment with extraordinary service and great values. The adopted strategies by McDonald’s are differentiation and cost leadership strategies (Operations Management in McDonald’s, 2014). McDonald’s is committed to its people. It provides equal opportunity to each employee. They develop leaders and reward them according to their achievements. This firm believes that a team of well-trained individuals with different background and experiences, working together in a competitive environment with high level of commitment is their key to success. QUALITY CONTROL McDonald’s has a set of management teams for the inspection of food item quality and their control for the successful business. Quality service and quality control are properly checked by the management team. The quality management team deals with the quality service and quality control as given below. Quality service The food- The quality of meat, bun, vegetables etc should be good and up to the standard. The Employees- The quality management team has a look at the timing, neat dress and cleanliness of an employee. The team work is always preferred in the McDonald’s to get maximum benefits. The Restaurant- The management team looks that the restaurant should be clean, tidy and sparking. While they also tried to provide the fast, accurate and friendly service. Quality control The quality management team makes it sure to fulfill the basic criteria set for the operation of McDonald’s. They also listen and get feedback from the customer to make their business improve. They also have a relationship with the scientific community to provide best and safe food among the people. They tried to have solutions for special health issues among children, and prepare a hygienic food for them. There is no compromise on quality and quality control, the one of the reason for the successful development of McDonald’s all around the world. The inspection is done on all McDonald’s franchise and it is also a part of their strategy. HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)is the applied system of McDonald’s to keep nice and good food items to the customers. The quality management team also looks at the diet contents and nutrition of each food items and is given in Table 1. The health related issues are handled by the quality management team and nutrition is properly controlled. Table 1 Nutrition of McDonald’s food. SWOT ANALYSIS The pictorial description of SWOT is shown in Figure 2. On the basis of environmental analysis of McDonald’s, the structural analysis of fast food industry, and the assessment of internal resources of the company, following strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are there for McDonald’s: Figure 3 SWOT description    (S)trengths McDonald’s holds a very strong brand name worldwide. They have large partnerships with other companies that provide them with their desired products; this increases the goodwill of the company. McDonald’s is one of the most reputed firms who are socially responsible. Self-service criteria save a lot of cost. Loyal employees management customer are their biggest strength. McDonald’s makes sure that cultural regional barriers are kept in mind while providing food to different countries. Clean environment and play areas for children where they can enjoy their time. (W)eaknesses The weakness that hits the list of employee turnover rate. Every year many of their employees are fired out of the restaurant. McDonald’s mostly advertises products and food items that targets children. Health conscious people often complain that they do not provide us with the organic and healthy food. This becomes their weakness when they get in the complaints. They also face quality issue at times. This affects the business as they are running the outlet worldwide, if one franchise gets affected others also get a bad name. (O)pportunities It can open up online services for their customers so that they can easily order their desired meals sitting at home. Discounts given on every food item may help them gain more customers. They can go for a joint venture with the retailers they work with. They can introduce healthy hamburgers and healthy drinks for the people who are health conscious. In order to be environment friendly, they can use packing material which can be recycled later or material that does not create pollution. (T)hreats Emerging competition of similar outlets is becoming a problem for McDonald’s. Health issue also becomes a problem when it comes to food. As it is a multinational food outlet, fluctuations in the currency of other countries becomes a problem for such companies. Recession in any country would definitely affect the whole outlet worldwide. People facing heart problems and obesity accuse McDonald’s for not providing them with the healthy food. They have a threat of local food outlets in different countries. McDonald’s is operating in a fully-fledged economy where competition is increasing day by day therefore they should work effectively to overcome their drawbacks because of the recession. Recommendations Reduction of employee training spending (lowering employee turnover). In order to reduce of employee training spending and to lower turnover, I would like to suggest: To give the job just for highly motivated people. It means, that they are going to be loyal and not to leave job so fast; New employees would be trained by employees, who are working longer. In this way, company reduces training spending, new employees are trained by the people, who are working inside the company and do the same things every day. To motivate employees and always take care about their expectations. It can be money premiums for good working in the end of the month (or year), some employees parties, ’’Employee of the week (month)’’ competition. To make a line of organic food in their menu and take a look what is more popular and healthy for their customers. If it is going more popular than usual menu food, it is more worth to make all food in organic way, even it is more expensive. First of all, people like what is natural, and then they are interested in the price. To make big advertisement companies declaring organic food pluses and make it more popular in such way. Many people loves McDonald’s food, so it has an authority and can show good example of necessity of organic food in people life and compare how organic and usual McDonald’s food effect customers’ health and all the nature about them. Advantages of human health problems (improvement of products) McDonald’s is big food supplying company, and all of us know, how food affects our health. It is one of the main factors, what built our body and strength our brains. Knowing that, McDonald’s should: Suggest just high quality, improved products, which is full of vitamins and minerals. So, it means that the company must improve their products, all the food must be certificated and fit for all healthy food standards. Be in a contact with suppliers, who supply products for McDonald’s food and always check if the products is natural, high standard and healthy for all of age customers. Contact with doctors, scientist and improve their products to fit for all of age customers, even they have some problems with their stomach. It means to make measures and find what the best is for all possible customers. More Healthy Choices McDonald’s should develop menu choices that are healthy and socially acceptable. It is possible to develop a menu that people will enjoy and that also fits into the original â€Å"Speedy Service† model the company introduced in the 1950’s. Use local food sources where possible. Using local sources decreases the time to market, and also decreases the use of fuel to transport goods. Increase presence in Asian countries McDonald’s has most certainly had a profound effect on China. When the first McDonald’s opened in Beijing more than a dozen years ago, 40,000 people lined up to observe a Big Mac and get their picture taken with the infamous Ronald McDonald. McDonald’s is growing faster in China than in the United States. McDonald’s owns operates more than 600 stores across 105 cities in China. More than 100 more McDonald’s stores will be added annually to Chinese cities within the coming years. CONCLUSIONS McDonald’s is operating in Pakistan as very profitable organization. In this project we struggled to study the management behaviour of McDonald’s starting from its history to its vision and mission statements in which explained the historical of McDonald’s of how it entered Pakistan’s market and the expansion of its business in various cities. Moreover we also explained about its and services which are offered in Pakistan by McDonald’s as their revenue generating products and services. I addition to that we researched all their product line. We also explained the organizational structure of McDonald’s. In that we explained the hierarchal structure of McDonald’s. As a gigantic organization of the world need to build their strong organizational structure so does McDonald’s. Its works on the basis of vertical and horizontal coordination. All the executives from up to the lower management on making it a successful organization.

Symbols: The Essential Element :: Literary Analysis, Native Son

Symbols: the basis of all literary works. Without symbols books become boring and lifeless. Symbols assist the reader in discovering a deeper meaning. In Richard Wright’s novel, Native Son, symbols are used to show death, faith and living in a white run world. In the first book, readers are introduced to the rat. Bigger is shown attempting to destroy the rat. When the rat is deceased, he appears as a â€Å"flat black body†¦ [with] two yellow tusks† (6). With this death, Bigger’s murder streak starts. In the gruesome death of the rat, the ghastly deaths of Mary Dalton and Bessie Mears are foreshadowed. Mary’s death- while not gruesome at first- then turns suddenly violent when Bigger â€Å"sawed the blade into the flesh†¦ [and] sent the blade of the hatchet into the bone of the throat† (92). Though Mary initially died by suffocation, her head being chopped off is as disturbing as the death of the rat. However, Bessie’s death was terrifying from the start. Bessie was murdered in the most atrocious manner. Bessie is not only raped, but bludgeoned to death by Bigger â€Å"[lifting] the brick again and again† (237). Bessie’s appalling death is the worst of all the deaths. Bessie appear s to have done nothing wrong yet she is murdered at the hands of Bigger out of fear. Wright’s use of the rat as a symbol shows how death is a horrendous event in life. Wright’s use of the cross helps readers recognize faith. After Bigger is arrested, he is soon visited by his mother’s preacher, Reverend Hammond. The reverend visits Bigger in an attempt to convince him that he must have faith in God. After praying for Bigger, Reverend Hammond â€Å"[draws] from his pocket a wooden cross with a chain upon it† (286). The Reverend then placed it around Bigger’s neck where it â€Å"[hangs] next to the skin of Bigger’s chest† (286). The cross presented to Bigger is Hammond’s attempt at forcing Bigger to believe and hope for something better. The cross is once again seen when Bigger is leaving the Dalton home, yet this time it is in a negative light. As Bigger exits the Dalton home, he sees a â€Å"[looming]†¦ burning cross† (337). Bigger then questions if â€Å"white people [wanted] him to love Jesus too† (337). It is not until people are yelling at him that this is a cross of hate, not love and faith. When Bigger returns to the van he â€Å"[grips] the cross and [snatches] it from his throat† (338).

How Much is Too Much? Essay example -- Internet Computers Technology E

How Much is Too Much? In the past decade, technology quality and efficiency has increased by leaps and bounds. Simultaneously, as the grade of technology and its accessibility for the general public rise, its cost decreases, making such options as home computers and computers in the classroom a more viable option for many families and schools, respectively. While there are obvious benefits of technology as a learning tool for our children, there are many downfalls as well. This paper hopes to better explain some of the positives, such as fast word processing, Internet information searches and computer reference databases such as encyclopedias and contrast them with some of the negative effects including online predators, child-inappropriate Internet content and the seeming decline of more traditional forms of indoor/outdoor games and child play. Because when it comes down to the mental and physical health of our nation’s children versus all this technology, how much is too much? For the purpose of this paper, the focus will be more upon the youth of the United States, as approximately only 5-7% of the world’s children have access to the Internet. â€Å"Defined as a ‘decentralized, self-maintaining series of links between computer networks’,† was originally intended to be a means of connection for the intra-departmental computers of the United States Defense Department in the 1950’s, but the mainstream mass media was quick to adapt and adopt it for general public use. This public embrace of technology was and has remained most profound in the U.S., who leads the pack in Internet use, followed closely by Sweden and Australia. Naturally with the quickness with which the Internet took off, it should be no astonishing fea... ... 1 Feb. 2005. 2. â€Å"Danger Online! Educating Kids and Parents About Internet Safety.† Education World. Aug. 2003. 30 Jan. 2005. 3. The Future of Children. Jan. 2001. Purdue University and The Brookings Institution. 28 Jan. 2005. 4. â€Å"Technology in Early Childhood Education: Finding the Balance.† NW Regional Educational Laboratory. 19 Sept. 2001. NW Regional Educational Laboratory. 28 Jan. 2005. 5. â€Å"Too Much Technology, Too Little Play– The Rise of Technology and Demise of Play in Preschool Education.† APA Online. 10 Aug. 2003. American Psychological Association. 30 Jan. 2005.

Edwige Danticat’s Tones in We Are Ugly, But We Are Here :: Danticat We Are Ugly

Edwige Danticat’s Tones in We Are Ugly, But We Are Here   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When I first read â€Å"We Are Ugly, But We Are Here,† I was stunned to learn how women in Haiti were treated. Edwige Danticat, who was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in 1969 and immigrated to Brooklyn when she was twelve years old, writes about her experiences in Haiti and about the lives of her ancestors that she links to her own. Her specific purpose is to discuss what all these families went through, especially the women, in order to offer the next generation a voice and a future. Danticat writes vividly about events that occurred in Haiti, leading up to an assertion about the strength of Haitian women. Her essay is powerful in large part because of how she manages tone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Danticat begins her essay with a tragic and bitter tone. She tells of the first people who were murdered when the Spaniards came to Haiti including Queen Anacaona, an Arawak Indian who ruled over the western part of the island. With bitterness she states, â€Å"Anacaona was one of their first victims. She was raped and killed and her village pillaged† (137).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   After establishing this sad and bitter tone, Danticat moves to a more rejoiceful tone when she reminisces about the times when her grandmother would tell her stories: â€Å"My grandmother was an old country woman who always felt displaced in the City of Port-au-Prince—where we lived—and had nothing but her patched-up quilts and her stories to console her. She was the one who told me about Anacaona† (137). Danticat then shifts to a more neutral tone when she recalls her grandmother’s peaceful death with her eyes open. She took her grandmother’s death calmly because death was so frequent in Haiti. She further explains, â€Å"I have such a strong feeling that death is not the end, that the people we bury are going off to live somewhere else† (138).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Danticat’s factual tone becomes angrier when she remembers that the news broadcasts never mention women in places like Haiti. It was often hard to tell whether any women were living or breathing: â€Å"The women’s stories never manage to make the front page. However, they do exist† (139). The anger increases to outrage when she details atrocities committed including the shooting of a woman in her pregnant stomach because she was wearing a t-shirt that had an â€Å"anti-military image† on it (139).

The New Plant Manager

CASE 1: THE NEW PLANT MANAGER I. TITLE: The New Plant Manager II. POINT OF VIEW: As a Manager III. THE PROBLEM: How can the company even without Toby Butterfield meet its budget and productivity quotas? IV. OBJECTIVES: 1. To understand why organizational behavior is important in an organization. 2. To know the appropriate attitude of a manager in an organization. 3. To analyze organization behavior from the perspective of learning of an organization. V. AREAS OF CONSIDERATION: 1. The Organizational Behavior Organizational behavior speaks about how an individual or a group of people acts within an organization.As a plant manager he must consider how to act professionally. He must know how to act the proper organization behavior even though he is the head of the plant. 2. The Newly Assigned Assistant Plant Manager The Montclair Company is having difficulty meeting its budget & production quotas, the main reason why Toby Butterfield was promoted as the new assistant plant manager of the company. 3. The SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis is a structured planning method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. Strengths- Butterfield as a new assistant plant supervisor produced a remarkable result in the company’s production quotas in which the productivity quickly exceeded by 7 percent and within five months the plant was within budget. †¢Weaknesses- Butterfield being ambitious and power-oriented wherein he dismissed three supervisors who had failed to meet their production quotas and as a result five other supervisors resigned. †¢Opportunities- Promotion to New York home office because of his outstanding record. †¢Threats- The fall of productivity after Butterfield left the Houston Plant. VI.ALTERNATIVE COURSES: 1. The remaining employees should plan for what is the best thing to do in order to meet its budget and productivity quotas. Advantages: †¢They can come up to new ideas to improve their productivity. †¢They can prove to themselves that even without Butterfield they can still help the company to meet their quotas and budget. †¢They could gain unity. Disadvantages: †¢It is not easily for them to meet their quotas and budget for a few moments because it takes time to plan for new ideas. †¢Planning needs a lot of time in order for it to be implemented to the company. 2.Even without Butterfield, the company would still adopt the organization behavior of him being power-oriented because it helped a lot the company in meeting its budget and productivity quotas. Advantages: †¢It is easy for them to cope up with this kind of organization behavior because Butterfield had already ruled them when he was still in the company. †¢In this way, the company will easily meet their budget and quotas just like few months when Butterfield was still the plant manager of the Houston Plant. †¢Adopting the said organization behavior would help the employees be more competent. Disadvantages: This may be the reason of some employees to resign because they do not like the way of ruling them. †¢This can also be the reason of some supervisor-employee issues. †¢Newly employed employees will have a hard time adjusting with this kind of supervision. 3. Each of the employees must be assigned of their own areas of responsibility to work with in order to help their company meet their budget and production quotas. Advantages: †¢Each of them can focus to the area in were they are assigned only. †¢They could help themselves improve the way they handle responsibilities. †¢They could gain self-confidence in handling responsibilities.Disadvantages: †¢They will not have company unity. †¢This may be the reason of some employee conflicts because the work of the other did not complement to the work of others. †¢This may be result of the delay of work because some may not meet the target time of passing the reports. VII. RECOMMENDATION : Based on the situation given the best alternative the company must use is the alternative no. 2, adopting the organization behavior of Butterfield that is being power-oriented because it is a big helps to the company. Because of this, it is easy for the company to meet their budget and productivity quotas.

Arthur Miller’s “Death of a Salesman” Essay

Throughout Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman tended to victimize virtually everyone he came in contact with. He hurt others perpetually throughout this play for a variety of different reasons. One of his key targets was his wife Linda. From verbal to finical, Willy Loman abused his wife Linda. His son Biff was also a prime target of his abuse. His abuse towards his son was subtle at times, and not so subtle others. Biff wasn’t the only son to encounter abuse his brother Happy was also a target. Happy was abused not by any action, but by lack of. To further expand on the aforementioned, Happy was ignored by his father causing much detriment. A common occurrence among abusers is that their victimization seems be focused internally (family) or externally (everyone else) but rarely both. Willy Loman was an anomaly as far the previously philosophy was concerned; Willy victimized everyone he came in contact with. From his finically supportive friend, Charley, to the last person you’d expect, a child. Though, that isn’t to say that Willy was in turn unharmed; he was also a victim. Those who are victimized often feel that they are justified in their diatribe against all others, no matter how untrue. His boss Howard would victimize Willy Loman, stating his lack of importance to business. Which could be perceived as a severe act against one’s ego, but this wasn’t the most prevalent culprit of harassment. The quintessential worst enemy of Willy was his mental illness; but more specifically his frequent delusional tangents. Throughout Arthur Miller’s Masterpiece, Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman was both a victim and a victimizer as I’ll soon make evident in the text below. The most evident victim of Willy Loman was his dearest wife Linda. There were many angles in which she was abused but none more apparent than verbally. Willy Loman didn’t abuse his wife in the conventional use of the word; he didn’t go on verbal tirade, it was much more passive. For example a scrip analysis from Death of a Salesman featuring an emotional moment between Willy Biff and Linda; from pages one hundred and twenty-seven to one hundred and thirty, Willy had twenty-eight lines, Biff had twenty-five lines and Linda a mere four. This clearly demonstrates that whenever Linda was part of  the conversation that wasn’t one-on-one she was severely neglected. When Willy and Linda would talk one-on-one she couldn’t say a thing without being contradicted or having her opinion belittled; â€Å"LINDA: Willy, dear. Talk to them again. There’s no reason why you can’t work in New York. WILLY: They don’t need me in New York. I’m the New England man. I’m vital in New England.† (Death of a Salesman, page 14) This shows utter denigration just for the sake of flexing his superiority, and ironically enough, he later attempts exactly what his wife suggests. What this shows is that Linda was absolutely right and Willy chose to victimize her over admitting that his wife was right. In this scene Willy defames his wife by establishing her inability to do simple processes correct, â€Å"WILLY: Why do you get American when I like Swiss? LINDA: I just thought you’d like a change- WILLY: I don’t want a change! I want Swiss. Why am I always being contradicted?† (Page 17) Maybe this seems harmless but imagine how you would feel; you’re looking out for some ones best interests and made to feel incompetent in the process. There is no doubt in my mind that this was detrimental to Linda’s ego. Another way Willy victimized Linda was a way only Biff and he were privy to; events in Boston that may have cost him a place in heaven. Willy chose to break sanctity of marriage by cheating on his wife with a woman from Boston, but this begs the question; is someone a victim if they don’t know they were victimized? The second definition on Dictionary.com states that a victim as â€Å"a person who is deceived or cheated, as by his or her own emotions or ignorance, by the dishonesty of others, or by some impersonal agency.† Ostensibly, what makes a victim isn’t the harm; it is the deceitfulness behind the action. To apply logic; if Linda were to find out she would in turn be hurt. With the application of this definition all speculation ends, and Linda clearly can be labeled a victim. The last dynamic to Linda-Willy victimization is the more subtle finical difficulty caused by Willy’s incompetence. Willy had a commission based job and as a result had very unstable salary. In the later years of Willy’s life he seemed to have lost his knack for selling and as a result his income. This clearly created an uncomfortable living environment for the Linda. For one, not having working appliances would make her life incredibly more  difficult and in turn would cause her stress. Secondly, not knowing if they would be able to afford their insurance premiums was also a problem. Not knowing if your world could come to a crashing end at any moment would create an enormous amount of insecurity in Linda. I am perfectly aware that this wasn’t Willy’s intend by any means; it was a topic of Willy’s concern as much as it was Linda’s. As of such, I’m sure you’re curious how this could be interpreted as victimization; how could b eing unable to provide a healthy living environment for your family be victimization? It lies in Willy’s passivity and ego. Willy had an opportunity to receive a job from his friend and finical confidante Charles, and by refusing it he effectively threw Linda into a poor finical situation. Another character Willy victimized was his own son Biff. Much like Linda, there was a few facets to Willy’s abuse as I’ll soon demonstrate. The first on the docket was the verbal abuse. To keep this from convolution I present the following, â€Å"Biff is a lazy bum!† (Page 16) This demonstrates verbal abuse towards Biff that caused a great amount of distress in his son; as Biff perceives in rebuttal to like-comments, â€Å"Why does Dad mock me all the time?† (Page 21) This just brings a pinch of tangibility and support the true power of Willy’s abusive comments. There was also a less visible approach to Willy’s abusive nature, and that was in how he spoke to Biff. I’m sure you’re probably encountered similar situations, maybe when meeting the judgmental mother-in-law. To get straight to the point, they state seemingly standard question or comments laced in condescension and attitude. Willy had a perpetual filter of attitude when he would confront Biff; and I use the word â€Å"confronting† because the seemed less like conversations and more like an interview. It would be extremely difficult to demonstrate this, so instead I present a quote from his wife Linda who also recognizes his confrontational attitude. â€Å"LINDA: †¦You mustn’t lose your temper with him. WILLY: When the hell did I lose my temper? I simply asked him if we making any money†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 15) As you can see, Linda has recognized what I did, Willy’s subtle criticism of his son Biff via seemingly harmless questions. Though Willy’s verbal assaults were extremely hurtful they didn’t even scratch the surface relative his other mode of victimization; the belief of  his son’s greatness. Most would consider thinking your son is great to a fantastic attribute for both son and father, but there is a level of moderation that was completely disregarded. Hoping the best for your son and being utterly divorced from reality are two completely different things; and unfortunately Willy was the latter. By constantly putting Biff on a pedestal he put him in a very uncomfortable situation. He made Biff feel that if he didn’t achieve the level of his expectations he was a failure. This ultimately led to his breakdown and the elimination any doubts of the pain Willy induced. Besides the previously mentioned moments of abuse, Willy was a less than satisfactory parent. In order for people to become competent adults they require a strong upbringing. The reason Biff didn’t have a strong upbringing was because of Willy’s ego. Willy thought he was had fantastic genes and his son would be fantastic by default. For starters, his father ignored all warning sides that Biff was failing math, even after literal warning from his son’s friend Bernard; â€Å"BERNARD: I heard Mr. Birnbaum say that if you don’t start studyin’ math he’s gonna flunk you†¦ WILLY: Don’t be a pest, Bernard!† (Page 32) Willy’s belief in Biff’s infallibility led him to completely disregard the warning signs of his failure. Some might think this is Biff’s responsibility, but I beg to differ. Willy is his father, and his son was at a crucial age in life, one where the easiest choice isn’t the best. This was a very important time for Willy to take hold and push him to succeed and unfortunately he didn’t. By not giving him a proper foundation he put his son in a predicament he could never escape, one that presented years of disappointment frustration and anger. Willy’s abuse of his son Happy wasn’t of an unconventional nature. He didn’t insult Happy, nor did he criticize him. What he did could be interpreted as even worse, he didn’t acknowledge his existence. The only time he entered into mind was while Biff was the focal point. It was evident that this constant ignorance deeply bothered Happy. As a child Happy was constantly pretentious; trying to grasp any ounce of attention he could get his hands on. This is a sheer sign of someone who was attention deprived. He wouldn’t have had to constantly draw attention to himself if he was getting it  anyways, in a manner a good father would provide. In his later life, Happy suffers from numerous characteristic of a person who was an attention deprived child. For one he perpetually lies to making him seem like something worth admiring; as demonstrated at the Chop House, â€Å"Excuse me, miss, do you mind? I sell champagne and I’d like you to try my brand . Bring her a champagne, Stanley.† (Page 101) In this scene Happy boldly lies to woe a women he has just met; he was not a champagne sales person, he in fact worked an unsatisfying job as the assistant to the assistant buyer. Another sign of his victimization as child was evident in the way he treated his father. I speculate as the years past, Happy started to resent his fathers. This is evident by the apathy he demonstrated towards his father at the Chop House; â€Å"LETTA: Don’t you want to tell your father- HAPPY: No, that’s not my father. He’s just a guy. Come on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 115) There is an expression, â€Å"the apple doesn’t fall from the tree†. I think this moment brings this expression to life as Willy’s choice to ignore his son comes full circle as Happy does the same, leaving him high and dry. Willy didn’t direct his victimization to the Loman family members alone, he chose to victimize people outside his family as well. He was relentless when it came to his neighbor and good friend Charley. Charley was a great friend of his who would help him finically at every turn of the way. Even when Willy lost his job and was indebt Charley put his best foot forward to correct this unfortunate circumstance by offering the obviously useless Willy a job. Willy seemed to overlook this steadfast friendship to criticize Charley for relatively irrelevant reasons; â€Å"WIILY: Where are the rest of your pants? CHARLEY: My wife bought them. WILLY: Now all you need is a golf club†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 51) This is just one of the numerous examples of Willy ruthlessly criticizing his loyal friend. Insulting someone when they are around could be construed as friendly banter if Willy didn’t insult Charley only in person. This is demonstrated when Willy s uses his loyal friend as a model of someone who isn’t â€Å"well-liked.† â€Å"HAPPY: Like Uncle Charley, heh? WILLY: Bigger than Uncle Charley! Because Charley is not-liked. He’s liked, but he’s not-well liked.† (Page 30) The most troublesome portion of this moment in Death of a Salesman is the level of candor. Willy throws his friend to the dogs as if he’s was a piece of meat. The victimization didn’t pertain to Charley alone; it also carried over to his son Bernard. Willy view Charley’s son Bernard as weak because of his lack of athletic prowess. For this reasons Willy felt it necessary to victimize Bernard as exemplified in the following, â€Å"You want him to be a worm like Bernard?† (Page 40) In this quote Willy refers to his son’s friend Bernard as a worm during a conversation with his wife Linda. The most unfortunately part of this is that Bernard, much like his father has a caring nature, and constantly tries to help the Loman’s. Once again, Willy just brushes off any attempted assistances and chooses to do the exact opposite and victimize. Victimization as far as Willy Loman was concerned wasn’t a one way street; the sword of victimization was double-edged. Howard, Mr.Loman’s boss was probably his biggest adversary. He was a very business oriented individual who didn’t see faces but instead dollar signs. This is best exhibited when an emotionally tattered Willy request a desk job in the New York office. â€Å"I appreciate that, Willy, but there just is no spot here for you. If I had a spot I’d slam you right in, but I just don’t have a single solitary spot.† (Page 80) Upon first glance this might seem as if Howard is a caring individual whose hands are tied, but that is just a business persona exhibited and taught universally. If that seems like to far of a stretch you only need to inspect Howard’s actions that later came; â€Å"HOWARD: Willy, you can’t go to Boston for us. WILLY: Why can’t I go? HOWARD: I don’t want you to represent us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 83) Willy’s purpose upon visiting Howard was to request an advance to protect his family arrives only to get the proverbial boot. Howard did mention business is business and we are all aware that the business world is cut throat and if you aren’t effectively doing you’re job you don’t deserve to have one; but this doesn’t excuse the tactfulness of Howard’s actions. Willy’s loyalty was completely disregarded, he wasn’t given any chance or warning and for that reason this by whom Willy was most victimized. Besides Howard, only one character could touch the level of victimization he achieved, and his name was Willy Loman; bar-none, his own worst enemy. One  of the crucial problems with Willy was his need to be better than everyone else. He constantly compared his achievement to his brother Ben as well as his good friend Charley. He viewed anything less than their success as simply not good enough. This in turn caused Willy an enormous amount of anxiety. Comparing yourself with your peers isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it’s only bad when your point of comparison is insurmountable and you won’t settle for anything less; his brother Ben had a mammoth size fortune, and good friend Charley was a wealthy business owner with an, even wealthier Lawyer son. If that wasn’t enough, like most parents, Willy began to live his life through his son Biff. Biff being a total failure; this resulted in even more suffering for Willy. Willy’s hope began to decay and deca y until it was unrecognizable, leaving him with only one option left. Willy’s only option left was suicide. A series of culminating events in Willy’s eyes, denied him any other option. He was starting to subconsciously recognize his failure as a father and more importantly a man. I couldn’t imagine a more cold cut victimization of one self. Many people when in a depressed state commit heinous acts, but there is no more heinous than committing suicide. Suicide is the grand puma as far as self-deprecation goes and Willy was a culprit of it. The mode of his suicide was even more appalling; a forced car accident. There are many sure ways to kill yourself; hanging, or shooting, jumping off something really high, but it takes a significant amount of self victimization to commit suicide via motor vehicle. This is because the chances of sustaining permanent injury are extremely high versus the chances of death. For this reason, I can concur that all victimization of Willy’s were only overcome by the victimization of himself. This play was riff in the victimization and concurrent victims. Linda was victimized in enumerable fashions by her husband Willy. Willy’s victimization also carried over to his two son’s Biff and Happy who where both victimized but in two different fashions; one by neglect the other by high expectations. The victimization by Willy Loman didn’t cease at the doors of the Loman household, it even was carried over to his loyal friend and neighbor Charley and son Bernard. Willy was in turn victimized by his  boss Howard who made him feel inferior to the company, striking a serious blow to his ego, as well as putting him in a horrible finical situation. This diatribe aside Willy was in fact the biggest abuser of himself. One unanswered question seems to resound through this play, and that is why did Willy feel the need to criticize those around him? Was it his upbringing? I am under the impression it was due to mental illness. Willy seems to have many of the characteristics of one who is depressed; persistently sad, anxious, feelings of helplessness, difficulty making decisions, irrational thoughts and at the top of that list, suicide. Willy was without a doubt the biggest victimizer in Death of a Salesman but his victimization of others was only superseded by the victimization of himself.

Romeo and Juliet- Dilemmas

Out of the frying pan into the fire: The cause and effect Friar Lawrence’s dilemma, in William Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet. A dilemma is a very unfortunate thing that no individual should ever have to face. A dilemma is a very tough choice in which there are many choices, all of which usually have bad outcomes.William Shakespeare gives us many examples of a dilemma throughout his play of, Romeo and Juliet, some of the dilemma’s Shakespeare shows us, is when Friar Laurence has to decide whether to marry Romeo and Juliet, how he has to decide how to get Romeo and Juliet back together after Romeo is banished, and finally how his choice leads to the death of the two star crossed lovers.Through friar Laurence’s example, William Shakespeare demonstrates that when faced with a dilemma go with a simple choice, because when ideas become complex there is more room for error. Initially we see Friar Laurence as a man of the church who disapproves of Romeoâ₠¬â„¢s love for Rosaline, but also disapproves of him changing whom he loves very quickly. Friar Laurence tells Romeo that he is going through love to quickly, (Holy Saint Francis!What a change is here! Is Rosaline that thou didst love so dear, So soon forsaken? Young men’s love then lies Not truly in their hearts, but in their eyes†2. 3. 66-69) This is only some of the wisdom spoken by Friar Laurence to young Romeo in William Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet on the decision made by him to wed thirteen year old Juliet in such hastiness after shedding his love for Rosaline.Romeo sought after instruction through the wisdom of Friar Laurence when he first met Juliet as there was no one else he could turn to, especially when the couple decided they wanted to get married. At that point in the play, it became apparent to Friar Laurence that if he were to marry Romeo and Juliet that it could abolish the hatred between the Capulet’s and the Montague’s, and con cludes that he will help Romeo and Juliet plot their marriage in secret, hoping that it will bring their family’s together.However, after Friar Laurence marries Romeo and Juliet, he is confronted with the obstacle of Romeo being banished, which causes him too struggle as he seeks to find a way to keep Romeo and Juliet together. Juliet convinces Friar Laurence to help her by coming up with a plan to bring Romeo and Juliet back together, (God joined my heart and Romeo's, thou our hands; And ere this hand, by thee to Romeo's sealed, Shall be the label to another deed†¦Could to no issue of true honor bring! Be not so long to speak!I long to die, If what thou speak'st, speak not of remedy! 4. 1. 56-58 ; 66-68). In the discussion Juliet blames Friar Laurence for marrying her to Romeo, and blames him for Romeo being banished, she tells him it is his entire fault and he needs to fix it, thus evoking Friar Laurence to come up with a plan to help her spend time with Romeo. Consequ ently when Friar Laurence comes up with a complex plan, when something that Juliet said sparks an idea, (O, bid me leap, rather than marry Paris, 4. . 78) Juliet tells him that she would rater die than marry Paris, which brings him to the idea of faking Juliet’s death. He believes, with a draft that puts Juliet to sleep, and makes her look dead, her family will put her in the family vault. Then as a second stage of the plan a letter would be given to Romeo telling him to come to the burial vault, where they will meet, and then after she awakes they will be able to run off together, and live somewhere else happily ever after.But the complexity of father Laurence's plan leads to a miscommunication, which causes the death of both star crossed lovers. Romeo fails to receive Friar Laurence's letter and receives the news of Juliet's death from a relative, but the relative does not know of the plan behind her death. Romeo goes to visit the burial vault, and kills himself over Juliet 's seemingly dead body, soon after she awakes and then kills herself once she realizes Romeo is dead.This is why a dilemma is so complicated and why it should not be forced upon anyone. As demonstrated by William Shakespeare in his play Romeo and Juliet, a dilemma is a choice with much room for error and needs to be gone through with much precaution. William Shakespeare saw the need to put dilemmas in his play and understood the importance of choices that seemed like every day choices, but had hard decisions involved, choices in which the power to change the whole story line is held.These choices are shown by William Shakespeare's character Friar Laurence, as he has to decide whether to marry Romeo and Juliet, he has to decide how get Romeo and Juliet back together after Romeo is banished, and finally when his choices lead to the death of Romeo and Juliet. One bit of advice that should be taken from this play is that, when faced with a dilemma go with a simple choice, because when i deas become complex there is more room for error.

Targeted Advertisement

Targeted advertisement through data mining and privacy issue. Introduction A computer user sits in front of a screen and starts browsing their favourite website while their child similarly does the same. While this peaceful pastime activity is being enjoyed, however, they are unaware of the hidden pathways through which every detail about them is being disclosed. Because of these pathways, there are people that can get hold of the users’ names, phone numbers, IP addresses of the computers and their households.They have access to information about any users’ income, medical history, gender and age, not to mention what they searched on search-engines and which websites the users visited. They can even learn which online shopping purchases were performed by the users on any recent website. They, who know every detail of users, are not the Big Brothers of â€Å"1984† nor are they hackers; they are online advertisers who deliver advertisement on the Internet. The comp uter user is vulnerable to online advertising companies that value that specific personal data.The focus of this paper is to convince advertising companies that they should enforce regulation by providing an opt-out mechanism and practice permission based data mining in order to protect consumer’s privacy. Moreover, notifying and protecting users before distributing and taking advantage of their personal information is significant to company’s accountability and furthermore allow establishing a long term relationship with customers. I will explore the issue from consumer and also an advertiser’s perspective. As a design student who has been designed companies’ logos, it is significant to gain valuable insight from this topic.By gaining the necessary information in this issue, I can navigate the internet in a more safe and secure manner as a consumer. Background of Data Mining Online advertising is a growing industry that is based upon the traffic from onl ine views. â€Å"Fifty-six of the top hundred websites based on page views in February 2008 presented advertising† (Evan, 2009, p37). For every activity a consumer performs on the internet such as making a purchase, visiting a website or searching on search engines is collected (Charters, 2002).This information is processed and stored automatically through data mining practices and becomes a significant source of revenue for online advertisers without the granted permission or any notification to the customer. Data mining is an â€Å"overall process of preparing data, discovering patterns in data, and analyzing that data into useful knowledge† (Tavani, 1999, p137). According to Murphy, â€Å"the right to privacy involves the ability of individuals to decide for themselves, how much they are willing to share about their lives, thoughts, and feelings† (Murphy et al. , 2009).As personal and behavioural data are collected, stored and sold for more effective advertis ement, â€Å"loss of control† and â€Å"loss of identity† become issues (Drumwright et al. , 2009). Moreover, all the information we expect to be remained confidential, such as health insurance numbers and medical records, also become commodities for sale. Internet users have been paying for the â€Å"free† online services with their private and personal information (Goldfarb et al. , 2011). Effects of Data Mining Firstly, data mining is based on the Internet and affects the uninformed users by the loss of control over their personal information and right to privacy.Individuals are unaware that the data about them are collected and that they â€Å"have no say in how the information about them is used† (Tavani, 1999, p141). For example, search-engine providers summarize and store the entire search history categorically that â€Å"enables them to identify the individual IP address† (Evans, 2008, p55). While there is no warning to the consumers prior to collection and storage of their data, users are unaware of the fact that data mining is being conducted every time they click something on the websites.Although, Google has reduced the storing data period from two years to nine months (BBC News, 2008), the sale of data collection to online advertisers is still in progress. The transaction of information causes the loss of control over their right to privacy. Moreover, advertisers have an access to the â€Å"cookies†, which track the websites visited and every activity an individual does on the internet. Again, this becomes a privacy issue as advertising companies’ access this information without any granted permission. The privacy issue associates with the unawareness of this invisible phenomenon of data mining.Granting more control over their personal information to the users is critical. Thus, the usage of data mining without the consent of the user is an invasion of privacy. The user needs to have more authority over their information and prevent unwanted usage of their personal information. Secondly, data mining is more than just a personal and behavioural analysis. Every time the Internet client provides private information, such as medical records, all the information is being collected and saved (Buchholz & Rosenthal, 2002).The information we expect to remain confidential and anonymous becomes a source of profit to advertisers. There is a difference of scale between revealing one’s favourite color and revealing one’s social insurance number to the advertisers. For example, Google Gmail, which provides 7GB of free space, scans and records the content of emails while displaying targeted advertisements on the side that result from Google’s ability to examine the content of the emails (Evans, 2008). The vast amount of the provided space was not really â€Å"free† and users been paying it with their private information.Revealing personally identifiable data or pri vate information such as social insurance number through these services has potential risk of misuse. Consumers may concern more if they know â€Å"search engine provider is selling the data to another vendor that has figured out a way to associate the user’s IP with other personal information including name, address, and telephone number† (Evans, 2008, p57). Google’s company’s goal is to â€Å"organize the world’s information and make it universally accessible and useful†(Google, 2011).Yet, our information also counts toward world’s information. We should be concerned if these companies with these types of mission statements can protect the users’ privacy; users should not be blindsided to the potential risks of misuse of our private information. Targeted Advertising and Consumer Relationships Regardless of the privacy concern associated with data mining and targeted advertisement, the reason why online advertising is still on the rise and is central to the e-commerce economy is because of its effectiveness on consumers (U.S. Department of Commerce, 2008). Detailed individual data can create more efficient advertisements, compared to traditional newspaper advertisements or old banners on the websites. For example, European Union practices privacy regulation on advertisers. The responses of â€Å"3. 3 million survey takers who had been randomly exposed to 9,596 online display banner advertising campaigns,† reveal that this government restriction reduces the effectiveness of advertising by 65% on average (Figure 1. ) in terms of changing stated purchasing intent (Goldfarb et al. , 2011), Therefore, regulation means a â€Å"trade-off between the benefits of consumer privacy and the benefits to consumers of a potentially broader, less obtrusive advertising-supported Internet† (Goldfarb et al. , 2011, p50). In addition, advertisers argue that â€Å"unauthorized secondary use of data† is f ound to be insignificant and consumers are used to this way of business in terms of traditional forms of advertising (Brown & Muchira, 2004).Although targeted advertising is an effective way to advertise to consumers, reflecting too much knowledge about consumers in their advertisements may offend the users (Evan, 2009). Often, the users may use internet to search or purchase what they do not wish to share or talk about with others. Online advertisements may do what is opposite of this wish. For instance, purchasing a self-help book online to treat depression does not mean you wish to sign up for an advertisement that shows lists of other books about depression.Moreover, since computers are shared online with other users, this purchase may be unintentionally revealed to the public. Advertisers should be advised of the precautions of data mining, which tracks every piece of information about consumers for effective and smart advertisement, could drive potential consumers away instead . Targeted advertisements are only effective if they respect the consumer’s privacy and use their information only when users are aware of the situation and give their permission. The foundation of strong relationships with consumers requires trust of both the website and usage of personal information.Lack of trust leads to privacy concerns and the users unaware what websites are legitimate. Resolving such privacy dilemma is, therefore, crucial to â€Å"creating stable and ultimately profitable customer relationships† (Brown & Muchira, 2004). The major factor that can weaken the relationship is â€Å"invasion† of the privacy (Attaran, 2000). It involves â€Å"contacting consumers who have not requested such contact and is often done repeatedly† (Brown & Muchira, 2004). Also, receiving unwanted junk mail and promotions from advertisers could irritate consumers (Korgaonkar & Wolin, 1999).The result of a survey that Brown and Muchira conducted indicates that consumers who have experienced online invasion of privacy are less likely to purchase products via the Internet. In other words, the ability to handle personal information is significant to advertisers to maintain a strong relationship with consumers. Advertisers should view the protecting privacy as an opportunity to establish long term relationships with consumers. Conclusion Government regulation is practiced in some European countries to resolve the privacy issues in online advertising.Nevertheless, government regulations that may be proposed to protect right to privacy, may end up violating â€Å"the principle of respect for individual† and create another invasion of privacy (Charters, 2002). Instead of government intervention to deal with privacy issue, online advertising companies should enforce regulation by providing opt-out mechanisms, and practice permission based data mining in order to protect consumer’s privacy. Advertising businesses need to store and s ell consumer’s private information with their permission of consent and a notification.Consumers may agree with giving their information about them if they can trust whom they are providing it to. That way, advertisers do not lose the opportunity to provide targeted advertisement to consumers, which is much more effective than providing non-targeted ones. Consumers also will benefit from receiving relevant advertisements against the cost of losing privacy. The balance between advertisers and consumers can be achieved through permission based practice. The computer user sits in front of a computer and starts browsing again.This time, the website asks for permission to collect the user’s information for online marketing and advertising business. The user has the ability to opt-out, and considers that this website is indeed secure. This website creates a transparency between by the Advertising contacts and the consumers. The user is informed, given options, and protected. Figure 1. 1 – Before and after the regulation by EU References Attaran, M. (2000), â€Å"Managing Legal Liability of the Net: a Ten Step Guide for IT Managers†, Information Management and Computer Security, 8(2)2.Brown, M. & Muchira, R. (2004). Investigating the Relationship between Internet Privacy Concerns and Online Purchase Behavior. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research 5(1),62- 71 Buchholz A. , and Rosenthal B. S. (2002), Internet Privacy: Individual Rights and the Common Good. SAM Advanced Management Journal, 67 (Winter), 34–40. Charters, D. (2002). Electronic Monitoring and Privacy Issues in Business-Marketing: The Ethics of the DoubleClick Experience. Journal of Business Ethics, 35 (February), 243– 254. Drumwright, E. M. , Murphy, P. E. , (2009).The current state of advertising ethics: industry and academic perspectives. Journal of Advertising. 38(1), 83-108 Evans, S. D. (2009). The Online Advertising Industry: Economics, Evolution, and Privac y. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 23(3), 37-60. Goldfarb, A. & Tucker C. E. (2011). Privacy regulation and online advertising. Management Science, 57(1). Korgaonkar, P & Wolin, L. (1999), â€Å"A Multivariate Analysis of Web Usage†, Journal of Advertising Research, 39(2), 53-70. Tavani, H. T. (1999) Informational privacy, data mining, and the Internet. Ethics and Information Technology. 1: 137–145.